I.考查目标

一、基本要求

维和学基础科目以“Core Pre-deployment Training Materials”(《部署前核 心培训材料》)为考查重点，要求在了解联合国维和行动基本原则、体制结构和相关理念演进的基础上，掌握联合国维和行动的建立过程、功能职责及任务实施，并领会维和行动实施过程中涉及的纪律标准、操守价值和安全管理规则。需要对维和行动的战略规划、特派团的行动实施以及维和人员的日常工作规范三个层面的基本知识都有全面的认识和理解。

二、具体内容

需要认知和掌握的内容包括：维和的理念及相关制度机制;和平行动的各个要素;联合国维和的基本原则和价值精神;维和行动的授权及特派团的运作机制;与维和行动相关的法律问题;维和行动中的人权问题;妇女、和平与安全问题;维和人员的工作职责、维和行动中的儿童保护问题;维和行动中的合作伙伴;人道主义事务合作;遂行维和任务应遵循的行动标准;性剥削与性虐待问题;维和人员违纪违法问题;疾病预防与控制;尊重多元化;维和人员的安全与健康问题;等等。

II.考试形式和试卷结构

一、试卷满分及考试时间

试卷满分100分，考试时间120分钟。

二、答题方式及语言

答题方式为闭卷，笔试;使用英语答题。

三、试卷内容结构

Core Pre-deployment Training Materials，100分。

四、试卷题型结构

1.概念题，共4题，总分20分。

2.简答题，共4题，总分40分。

3.论述题，共2题，总分40分。

III.考查内容

Core Pre-deployment Training Materials

1.INTRODUCTION TO UN PEACEKEEPING

1.1.The Purpose of the United Nations

1.2.The Main United Nations Bodies Involved in Peacekeeping

1.3.Secretariat Departments Directly Working with PKOs

2.THE SPECTRUM OF PEACE AND SECURITY ACTIVITIES

2.1.Conflict Prevention

2.2.Peacemaking

2.3.Peace Enforcement

2.4.Peacekeeping

2.5.Peacebuilding

3.DIFFERENT TYPES OF UN PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS

3.1.Traditional Peacekeeping

3.2.Multidimensional Peacekeeping

3.3.Transitional Authority

3.4.Special Political Missions

4.FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES

4.1.Consent

4.2.Impartiality

4.3.Non-use of Force

5.OTHER SUCCESS FACTORS

5.1.Credibility

5.2.Legitimacy

5.3.Promotion of National and Local Ownership

5.4.The Essential Qualities of a Peacekeeper

6.THE MANDATE

6.1　The Security Council Mandate

6.2　The Decision to Deploy a UN Peacekeeping Operation

6.3　The Process for the Establishment and Operationalization of Security Council Mandates

7.IMPLEMENTATION OF THE MANDATE, TRANSITION, AND WITHDRAWAL

7.1　Implementing the Mandate

7.2　Transition and Withdrawal

7.3　Benchmarks

8.TRANSLATING SECURITY COUNCIL MANDATES INTO AN OPERATIONAL FRAMEWORK

8.1　Key Aspects of the Operational Framework

8.2　Key Operational Documents

8.3　Additional Documents

9.COMPONENTS OF A UN PEACEKEEPING OPERATION

9.1　Substantive and Support Components

9.2　Authority, Command, and Control

9.3　Management Structures

10.UNDERSTANDING THE IMPORTANT WORK OF OTHER SUBSTANTIVE COMPONENTS

10.1　The Military Component

10.2　The Police Component

10.3　The Civilian Component

11.INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW

11.1　Whom International Humanitarian Law Protects

11.2　Essential Rules of International Humanitarian Law

11.3　Who is Bound by International Humanitarian Law

12.INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS LAW

12.1　Definition of Human Rights

12.2　Human Rights Most Frequently at Risk in Conflict and Post-Conflict Situations

12.3　Application of International Human Rights Law

12.4　Refugee Law and Guiding Principles on Internally Displaced Persons

13.THE HUMAN RIGHTS BASE LINE

13.1　Linkages Between Human Rights, Security, and Development

13.2　UN Policy on Human Rights in Integrated Missions

13.3　Applying Human Rights in Peacekeeping

14.HUMAN RIGHTS IN UN PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS

14.1　What Peacekeeping Personnel Can Do

14.2　Human Rights Roles in the Context of Peacekeeping Operations

14.3　Other Mission Components Contributing to Human Rights

14.4　UN Police and Human Rights

14.5　Military Peacekeepers and Human Rights

15.THE ROLES OF MEN AND WOMEN

15.1　Exploring the Roles of Men and Women

15.2　The Impact of Conflict on Men and Women

16.WHAT PEACEKEEPING PERSONNEL CAN DO

16.1　Changes in Responsibilities

16.2　Reintegration of Combatants

16.3　Displacement

16.4　Violence Against Civilians and Sexual Violence

16.5　Collapse of Law and Order

16.6　Collapse of Public Services and Infrastructure

17.PROTECTION OF CHILDREN

17.1　All Children Have Human Rights

17.2　The Protection of Children Under International Human Rights Law

17.3　The Impact of Conflict on Children

17.4　Child Soldiers in Armed Conflict

17.5　What Peacekeeping Personnel Can Do

18.THE INTEGRATED APPROACH IN MULTIDIMENSIONAL PEACEKEEPING

18.1　Mission Partners

18.2　Benefits of Cooperation with the UN Country Team

18.3　The Integrated Approach and Multidimensional Peacekeeping Operations

18.4　National Partners

19.HUMANITARIAN COOPERATION

19.1　International and Regional Non-UN Partners

19.2　Collaboration with the Humanitarian Community

19.3　What Peacekeeping Personnel Can Do

20.INTRODUCTION TO CONDUCT AND DISCIPLINE

20.1　Standards of Conduct

20.2　Definitions of Misconduct

20.3　Reporting Misconduct

20.4　Leadership and Accountability on Conduct

21.SEXUAL EXPLOITATION AND ABUSE (SEA)

21.1　Definitions of Sexual Exploitation and Abuse (SEA)

21.2　Uniform Standards on SEA

21.3　Examples and Misconduct Scenarios

22.THE CONSEQUENCES OF MISCONDUCT

22.1　Consequences of Misconduct

23.2　Measures and Mechanisms to Address Misconduct

24.AWARENESS AND PREVENTION OF HIV/AIDS

24.1　Definitions

24.2　How HIV/AIDS is Spread

24.3　Prevention

25. INTRODUCTION TO RESPECT FOR DIVERSITY

25.1　What is Diversity

25.2　UN Core Values on Respect for Diversity

25.3　Common Differences and Practicing Respect

26.SECURITY MANAGEMENT

26.1　Legal Basis

26.2　Peacekeeping Security Management..

26.3　The Security Level System

26.4　Role of Military and Civilian Police

27.SAFETY MANAGEMENT

27.1　Key Aspects of Safety

27.2　Road Safety

27.3　DPKO Safety Council

28. HEALTH

28.1　Personal Hygiene and Food Hygiene

28.2　Access to Health Information Prior to Deployment

29.FIRST AID

29.1　Safety Fundamentals

29.2　Basis for Successful First Aid

29.3　Sustainment Phase

30.STRESS MANAGEMENT

30.1　What is Stress and Stress Management

30.2　Types of Stress

30.3　Preparing for Stress

IV.参考试卷

一、概念题(共4题，总分20分)

例1.The basic guiding principles of peacekeeping.

二、简答题(共4题，总分40分)

例1. What is peacekeeping?

三、论述题(共2题，总分40分)

例1. How do you think of the UN peacekeeping?

V.参考答案

一、概念题(共4题，总分20分)

例1.The basic guiding principles of peacekeeping.

The answer for reference:

UN Peacekeeping is guided by three basic principles: Consent of the parties; Impartiality; Non-use of force except in self-defence and defence of the mandate.

二、简答题(共4题，总分40分)

例1. What is peacekeeping?

The answer for referece:

United Nations Peacekeeping helps countries torn by conflict create conditions for lasting peace.

Peacekeeping has proven to be one of the most effective tools available to the UN to assist host countries navigate the difficult path from conflict to peace.

Peacekeeping has unique strengths, including legitimacy, burden sharing, and an ability to deploy and sustain troops and police from around the globe, integrating them with civilian peacekeepers to advance multidimensional mandates.

UN Peacekeepers provide security and the political and peacebuilding support to help countries make the difficult, early transition from conflict to peace.

三、论述题(共2题，总分40分)

例1. How do you think of the UN peacekeeping?

The answer for reference:

United Nations Peacekeeping helps countries torn by conflict create conditions for lasting peace.

Peacekeeping has proven to be one of the most effective tools available to the UN to assist host countries navigate the difficult path from conflict to peace.

Peacekeeping has unique strengths, including legitimacy, burden sharing, and an ability to deploy and sustain troops and police from around the globe, integrating them with civilian peacekeepers to advance multidimensional mandates.

UN Peacekeepers provide security and the political and peacebuilding support to help countries make the difficult, early transition from conflict to peace.

UN Peacekeeping is guided by three basic principles: Consent of the parties; Impartiality; Non-use of force except in self-defence and defence of the mandate.

Peacekeeping is flexible and over the past two decades has been deployed in many configurations. There are currently 16 UN peacekeeping operations deployed on four continents.

Today's multidimensional peacekeeping operations are called upon not only to maintain peace and security, but also to facilitate the political process, protect civilians, assist in the disarmament, demobilization and reintegration of former combatants; support the organization of elections, protect and promote human rights and assist in restoring the rule of law.

Success is never guaranteed, because UN Peacekeeping almost by definition goes to the most physically and politically difficult environments. However, we have built up a demonstrable record of success over our 60 years of existence, including winning the Nobel Peace Prize.

Peacekeeping has always been highly dynamic and has evolved in the face of new challenges. Recently, Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon established a 17-member High-level Independent Panel on UN Peace Operations to make a comprehensive assessment of the state of UN peace operations today, and the emerging needs of the future.

(Candidates are encouraged to have their own understanding of UN Peacekeeping.)

VI.参考书目

Core Pre-deployment Training Materials [First edition]. Harvey J. Langholtz, Ph.D. Peace Operations Training Institute. March 2014