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河北工程大学2024考研真题:翻译硕士英语211

2024-12-12 17:11:27 来源:天任考研  

所谓看书几遍,不如真题一遍。真题虽然年年变,但从实际来看,大家会发现往年考过的知识点还是会不断的重复出题。为什么说真题重要?因为真题反映的是命题人的思想!作为考生与命题人交流的唯一资料和途径就是真题。所以读题要读命题人的思想,读懂了命题人的思想,就能赢得考试。因此,天任考研小编为大家整理了“河北工程大学2024考研真题:翻译硕士英语211”相关内容,希望给同学们的专业课备考提供帮助!

  河北工程大学2024考研真题:翻译硕士英语211

  PartIREADING(40points,2pointsforeachitem)

  Directions:Thereare4passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysome

  questionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Youshoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletter

  onAnswerSheet.PASSAGE1Questions1to5arebasedonthefollowingpassage.AccordingtothemajorityofAmericans,womenareeverybitascapableofbeinggood

  politicalleadersasmen.Thesamecanbesaidoftheirabilitytodominatethecorporate

  boardroom.AndaccordingtoanewPewResearchCentersurveyonwomenandleadership,mostAmericansfindwomenindistinguishablefrommenonkeyleadershiptraitssuchas

  intelligenceandcapacityforinnovation,withmanysayingthey'restrongerthanmeninterms

  ofbeingpassionateandorganizedleaders.Sowhy,then,arewomeninshortsupplyatthetopofgovernmentandbusinessinthe

  UnitedStates?Accordingtothepublic,atleast,it'snotthattheylacktoughness,management

  talentorproperskillsets.It’salsonotallaboutwork-lifebalance.Althougheconomicresearchandprevious

  surveyfindingshaveshownthatcareerinterruptionsrelatedtomotherhoodmaymakeit

  harderforwomentoadvanceintheircareersandcompetefortopexecutivejobs,relatively

  fewadultsintherecentsurveypointtothisasakeybarrierforwomenseekingleadership

  roles.Onlyaboutone-in-fivesaywomen'sfamilyresponsibilitiesareamajorreasonwhy

  therearen'tmorefemalesintopleadershippositionsinbusinessandpolitics.Instead,toppingthelistofreasons,aboutfour-in-tenAmericanspointtoadouble

  standardforwomenseekingtoclimbtothehighestlevelsofeitherpoliticsorbusiness,where

  theyhavetodomorethantheirmalecounterpartstoprovethemselves.Similarsharessaythe

  electorate(选民)andcorporateAmericaarejustnotreadytoputmorewomenintop

  leadershippositions.Asaresult,thepublicisdividedaboutwhethertheimbalanceincorporateAmericawill

  changeintheforeseeablefuture,eventhoughwomenhavemademajoradvancesinthe

  workplace.While53%believemenwillcontinuetoholdmoretopexecutivepositionsin

  businessinthefuture,44%sayit'sonlyamatteroftimebeforeasmanywomenareintop

  executivepositionsasmen.Americansarelessdoubtfulwhenitcomestopolitics:73%expect

  toseeafemalepresidentintheirlifetime.1.WhatdomostAmericansthinkofwomenleadersaccordingtoanewPewResearchCenter

  survey?

  A.Theyhavetodomoretodistinguishthemselves.B.Theyhavetostrivehardertowintheirpositions.C.Theyarestrongerthanmenintermsofwillpower.D.Theyarejustasintelligentandinnovativeasmen.2.Whatdowelearnfromprevioussurveyfindingsaboutwomenseekingleadershiproles?

  A.Theyhaveunconquerabledifficultiesontheirwaytosuccess.B.Theyarelackinginconfidencewhencompetingwithmen.C.Theirfailuresmayhavesomethingtodowithfamilyduties.D.Relativelyfewarehinderedintheircareeradvancement.3.Whatistheprimaryfactorkeepingwomenfromtakingtopleadershippositionsaccording

  totherecentsurvey?

  A.Personalitytraits.B.Genderbias.C.Familyresponsibilities.D.Lackofvacancies.4.WhatdoesthepassagesayaboutcorporateAmericainthenearfuture?

  A.Moreandmorewomenwillsitintheboardroom.B.Genderimbalanceinleadershipislikelytochange.C.Thepublicisundecidedaboutwhetherwomenwillmakegoodleaders.D.Peoplehaveopposingopinionsastowhetheritwillhavemorewomenleaders.5.WhatdomostAmericansexpecttoseesoononAmerica'spoliticalstage?

  A.Awomaninthehighestpositionofgovernment.B.Moreandmorewomenactivelyengagedinpolitics.C.Amajorityofwomenvotingforafemalepresident.D.Asmanywomenintopgovernmentpositionsasmen.PASSAGE2Questions6to10arebasedonthefollowingpassage.OfficialsattheWhiteHouseannouncedanewspacepolicyfocusedonmanagingthe

  increasingnumberofsatellitesthatcompaniesandgovernmentsarelaunchingintospace.SpacePolicyDirective-3laysoutgeneralguidelinesfortheUnitedStatestomitigate(缓解)

  theeffectsofspacedebrisandtrackandmanagetrafficinspace.ThispolicysetsthestagefortheDepartmentofCommercetotakeoverthemanagement

  oftrafficinspace.Thedepartmentwillmakesurethatnewlylaunchedsatellitesdon’tuse

  radiofrequenciesthatwouldinterferewithexistingsatellites,andschedulewhensuchnew

  satellitescanbelaunched.ThisonlyappliestoAmericanspaceactivities,butthehopeisthat

  itwillhelpstandardizeasetofnormsinthedawningcommercialspaceflightindustry

  throughouttheworld.Space,especiallythespacedirectlyaroundourplanet,isgettingmorecrowdedasmore

  governmentsandcompanieslaunchsatellites.Oneimpetusforthepolicyisthatcompanies

  arealreadystartingtobuildmassiveconstellations(星座),comprisinghundredsorthousands

  ofsatelliteswithmanymovingpartsamongthem.Withsomuchstuffinspace,andalimited

  areaaroundourplanet,thegovernmentwantstoreducethechancesofacollision.Twoor

  moresatellitesslammingintoeachothercouldcreatemanymoreout-of-controlbitsthat

  wouldposeevenmorehazardstothegrowingcollectionofsatellitesinspace.Andit’snotlikethishasn’thappenedbefore.In2009anoldRussiancraftslammedinto

  acommunicationssatellite,creatingacloudofhundredsofpiecesofdebrisandputtingother

  hardwareatrisk.JournalistSarahScolesreportsthatNASAcurrentlytracksabout24,000

  objectsinspace,andin2016theAirForcehadtoissue3,995,874warningstosatelliteowners

  alertingthemtoapotentialnearbythreatfromanothersatelliteorbitofdebris.That’swhythisnewpolicyalsoincludesdirectionstoupdatethecurrentU.S.GovernmentOrbitalDebrisMitigationStandardPractices,whichalreadyrequireanyentity

  thatlaunchesasatelliteorspacecrafttovigorouslyanalyzethelikelihoodthatanyoftheir

  actions,fromanunexpectedfailureornormaloperations,willcreatemorespacedebris.It

  includesaccountingforanypieceofdebristheyplantoreleaseover5mmthatmightstayin

  orbitfor25yearsormore.Itmightseemsurprisingtothinkaboutanitemstayinginspacefor

  thatlong,buttheoldestsatellitestillinorbit-Vanguard1-turned60in2018.Agenciesandcompaniesthroughouttheworldareworkingondevelopingtechnology

  thatwoulddisposeoforcapturespacedebrisbeforeitcausesseriousdamage.Butfornow,theU.S.governmentismorefocusedonpreventingnewdebrisfromformingthantakingthe

  trashoutoforbit.6.WhatisthepurposeofthenewU.S.spacepolicy?

  A)Tolayoutgeneralguidelinesforspaceexploration.B)Toencouragecompaniestojoininspaceprograms.C)Tomakethebestuseofsatellitesinspace.D)Toimprovetrafficconditionsinspace.7.WhatistheDepartmentofCommerceexpectedtodounderthenewpolicy?

  A)Reducedebrisinspace.B)Monitorsatelliteoperations.C)Regulatethelaunchingofnewsatellites.D)Updatesatellitecommunicationstechnology.8.WhatdoestheU.S.governmenthopetodowiththenewspacepolicy?

  A)Setinternationalstandardsforthespaceflightindustry.B)Monopolizespaceindustrybydevelopingasetofnorms.C)Facilitatecommercialspaceflightsthroughouttheworld.D)Promoteinternationalcollaborationinspaceexploration.9.WhatisaspacevehiclelaunchingentityrequiredtodoaccordingtothecurrentU.S.GovernmentOrbitalDebrisMitigationStandardPractices?

  A)Giveanestimateofhowlongitsdebriswillstayinspace.B)Accountforthedebrisithasreleasedintospaceatanytime.C)Provideadetailedplanformanagingthespacedebrisitcreates.

  D)Makeathoroughanalysisofanypossibleadditiontospacedebris.10.Whatarespaceagenciesandcompaniesaimingtodoatpresent?

  A)Recycleusedspacevehiclesbeforetheyturnintodebris.B)Developtechnologytoaddressthespacedebrisproblem.C)Limittheamountofdebrisenteringspace.D)Cooperatecloselytoretrievespacedebris.PASSAGE3Questions11to15arebasedonthefollowingpassage.ProfessorStephenHawkinghaswarnedthatthecreationofpowerfulartificial

  intelligence(AI)willbe“eitherthebest,ortheworstthing,evertohappentohumanity”,and

  praisedthecreationofanacademicinstitutededicatedtoresearchingthefutureofintelligence

  as“crucialtothefutureofourcivilizationandourspecies”.HawkingwasspeakingattheopeningoftheLeverhulmeCentrefortheFutureof

  Intelligence(LCFI)atCambridgeUniversity,amulti-disciplinaryinstitutethatwillattemptto

  tacklesomeoftheopen-endedquestionsraisedbytherapidpaceofdevelopmentinAI

  research.“Wespendagreatdealoftimestudyinghistory,”Hawkingsaid,“which,let’sfaceit,ismostlythehistoryofstupidity.Soit’sawelcomechangethatpeoplearestudyinginstead

  thefutureofintelligence.”Whiletheworld-renownedphysicisthasoftenbeencautiousaboutAI,raisingconcerns

  thathumanitycouldbethearchitectofitsowndestructionifitcreatesasuper-intelligence

  withawillofitsown,hewasalsoquicktohighlightthepositivesthatAIresearchcanbring.“Thepotentialbenefitsofcreatingintelligencearehuge,”hesaid.“Wecannotpredictwhatwe

  mightachievewhenourownmindsareamplifiedbyAI.Perhapswiththetoolsofthisnew

  technologicalrevolution,wewillbeabletoundosomeofthedamagedonetothenatural

  worldbythelastone-industrialization.Andsurelywewillaimtofinallyeradicatediseaseand

  poverty.Andeveryaspectofourliveswillbetransformed.Inshort,successincreatingAI

  couldbethebiggesteventinthehistoryofourcivilization.”HuwPrice,thecenter’sacademicdirectorandtheBertrandRussellprofessorof

  philosophyatCambridgeUniversity,whereHawkingisalsoanacademic,saidthatthecenter

  cameaboutpartiallyasaresultoftheuniversity’sCentreforExistentialRisk.Thatinstitute

  examinedawiderrangeofpotentialproblemsforhumanity,whiletheLCFIhasanarrow

  focus.AIpioneerMargaretBoden,professorofcognitivescienceattheUniversityofSussex,praisedtheprogressofsuchdiscussions.Asrecentlyas2009,shesaid,thetopicwasn’ttaken

  seriously,evenamongAIresearchers.“AIishugelyexciting,”shesaid,“butithaslimitations,whichpresentgravedangersgivenuncriticaluse.”TheacademiccommunityisnotaloneinwarningaboutthepotentialdangersofAIaswellas

  thepotentialbenefits.Anumberofpioneersfromthetechnologyindustry,mostfamouslythe

  entrepreneurElonMusk,havealsoexpressedtheirconcernsaboutthedamagethata

  super-intelligentAIcoulddotohumanity.11.WhatdidStephenHawkingthinkofartificialintelligence?

  A)Itwouldbevitaltotheprogressofhumancivilization.B)Itmightbeablessingoradisasterinthemaking.C)Itmightpresentchallengesaswellasopportunities.D)Itwouldbeasignificantexpansionofhumanintelligence.12.WhatdidHawkingsayaboutthecreationoftheLCFI?

  A)ItwouldacceleratetheprogressofAIresearch.B)ItwouldmarkastepforwardintheAIindustry.C)Itwasextremelyimportanttothedestinyofhumankind.D)Itwasanachievementofmulti-disciplinarycollaboration.13.WhatdidHawkingsaywasawelcomechangeinAIresearch?

  A)Theshiftofresearchfocusfromthepasttothefuture.B)Theshiftofresearchfromtheorytoimplementation.C)ThegreateremphasisonthenegativeimpactofAI.D)Theincreasingawarenessofmankind’spaststupidity.14.WhatconcernsdidHawkingraiseaboutAI?

  A)Itmayexceedhumanintelligencesoonerorlater.B)Itmayultimatelyover-amplifythehumanmind.C)Super-intelligencemaycauseitsowndestruction.D)Super-intelligencemayeventuallyruinmankind.15.Whatdowelearnaboutsomeentrepreneursfromthetechnologyindustry?

  A)Theyaremuchinfluencedbytheacademiccommunity.B)TheyaremostlikelytobenefitfromAIdevelopment.C)TheysharethesameconcernsaboutAIasacademics.D)TheybelievetheycankeepAIunderhumancontrol.PASSAGE4Questions16to20arebasedonthefollowingpassage.I’vewrittenthisarticleandyou5rereadingit.Sowearemembersofthesameclub.We5rebothliterate—wecanreadandwrite.Andwebothprobablyfeelthatliteracyis

  essentialtoourlives.Butmillionsofpeopleallovertheworldareilliterate.Evenin

  industrializedWesterncountries,suchastheUKandtheUSA,approximately20%ofthe

  populationhavet4lowliteracylevels55.Butwhatexactlydoesthatmean?

  Myparentsbothleftschoolat14.Theycouldreadandwrite,butexceptforaquicklook

  atthedailynewspaper,readingandwritingdidn’tplayabigpartintheirlives.Therewere

  veryfewbooksinthehouse.Mymotherwasamazedbecausethewomanwholivednextdoor

  alwayswrotealistofwhatsheneededbeforeshewenttothesupermarket.Whycouldn’tshe

  remember?Welaughedaboutthatforweeks.Ourfamilydidn5twritelists!AndwhenIwas

  only14yearsoldmyfathergavemeanimportantletterthathe'dwrittentothebankand

  askedmetocheckitforgrammarandspellingmistakes.Andtherewerequitealot.Henever

  usuallywrotelettersorpostcardsorevenChristmascards.Sowhenhehadtowritehewasn5t

  comfortableorconfident.Doesthatmeanthatmyfatherhad“lowlevelofliteracy”?Idon’t

  thinkso.Therearelotsofdifferentdefinitionsofliteracy.Someexpertsdefineitashavingthe

  readingandwritingskillsthatyouneedtobeindependentinyoureverydaylife.So,for

  example,ifyoucanreadinstructions,writeacheque,fillinaform—anythingthatyouneedto

  doineverydaylife—thenyouare“functionallyliterate”.Otherpeoplesaythatyouareilliterateifyouthinkthatyouareilliterate.Inotherwords,ifyoufeelthatyoucanreadorwriteaswellasyouwouldliketo.Ifyouliveinasocietywheremostpeopleareliterate,thenyouwillfeelashamedor

  embarrassedandavoidsituationsinwhichyouhavetoreadorwrite.Thefatherofafriendof

  minefinallyadmittedtohisfamilythathecouldn'treadwhenhewas45yearsold.Hebought

  thenewspapereverydayandpretendedtoreadit—andbelieveitornot,hisfamilyhadno

  idea.Weoftenforgetthatwritingisarecentinvention.Manyyearsago,theworduliterate,5

  meantbeingabletocommunicatewellinspeaking,inotherwordswhatwenowcall“articulate”.Storytellingwasanimportantactivityinthepastandstillistodayinsome

  societies.Readingwasoftenaco-operativeactivity—someonewouldreadaloudtoagroup,oftenfromareligioustextsuchastheKoranortheBible.Onlyahundredyearsago,intheUnitedStates,youwereconsideredtobeliterateifyou

  couldsignyournametoapieceofpaper.Itwasanimportantskill.Youwerenotallowedto

  voteifyoucouldn5tsignthevotingregister,soliteracywasconnectedwithpoliticalrights,andmanypeoplewereexcludedfromthedemocraticprocess.Nowadaysweseereadingandwritingasbeingconnected,butthatwasn’tsointhepast.Manypeoplecouldread,butnotwrite.Writingwasaskilledprofession.Ifyouneeded

  somethingwrittenthenyoupaidanexperttowriteitforyou.Andofcourse,richandimportantpeoplehavealwaysemployedpeopletowritethings

  forthem.Importantcompanybossesdictatedletterstotheirsecretariesorpersonalassistants.Andnowwithnewcomputersoftwareyoucandictatedirectlytoyourcomputer.Beingilliteratecanhaveabigeffectonpeople’slives.Forexample,astudyintheUK

  showedthatpeoplewhowriteandspellbadlyareseenascareless,immatureandunreliable,andoftenunintelligent.Soitismoredifficultforthemtofindjobs,evenwhenreadingand

  writingarenotnecessaryforthework.Worldwidestatisticsshowthatliteracyproblemsareassociatedwithpovertyandalack

  ofpoliticalpower.Morewomenthanmenareilliterate.Illiteratepeoplehaveworsehealth,biggerfamiliesandaremorelikelytogotoprison.Soliteracycampaignsmustbeagood

  thing.Butdon’tforgetthatanilliterateperson,orsomeonewithalowleveloliteracy,isn't

  necessarilystupidorignorant,andmaynotbeunhappyatall.Knowledgeandwisdomisn’t

  onlyfoundinwriting.16.ChoosethebestexpressionbellowtoreplacetheunderlinedpartinPara.4.A)or

  B)though

  C)like

  D)incase

  17.WhydoestheauthorgivetwoexamplesinPara.2?

  A)Toshowthatliteracyisinterpretedindifferentways.B)ToshowthatFatherwasmoreliteratethanMother.C)Toindicatehowimportantreadingandwritingare.D)Tocomparethelevelofliteracybetweenneighbors.18.Accordingtotheauthor,thefollowingaresomeofthedefiningfeaturesofliteracy

  EXCEPT

  A)psychological

  B)functional

  C)social

  D)independent

  19.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutreadingandwritingisCORRECT?

  A)Readingandwritinghavealwaysbeenregardedasequallydifficult.B)Peoplehadtoreadandwritewellinordertobeallowedtovote.C)Readingoftenrequiresmoreimmediateinteractionthanwriting.D)Readingandwritinghavealwaysbeenviewedasbeingconnected.20.Whatdothelasttwoparagraphsmainlyfocuson?

  A)Effectsofilliteracyandemploymentproblems.B)Effectsofilliteracyandassociatedproblems.C)Effectsofilliteracyonone’spersonalitydevelopment.D)Effectsofilliteracyonwomen’scareerdevelopment.PartIITRANSLATION(30points)

  Directions:Forthispart,therearetwotasks.Youareallowedtotranslateapassage

  fromChineseintoEnglishandapassagefromEnglishintoChinese.Youshouldwrite

  youransweronAnswerSheet.TRANSLATIONTASK1TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese(15points).Onemustrecognizetheveryconsiderablemultiplicationofdisciplinesinthesciences

  whichbywideningthetotalareaofadvancedstudieshasproducedanenormousnumbersof

  specialistswhoseparticularinterestsarepreciselydefined.Associatedwiththisisthegrowth

  ofspecialistperiodicalswhichenablescholarstobecomeawareofwhatishappeningin

  differentcentersofresearchandtomeeteachotherinconferences.Fromthesemeetingscome

  thepersonalrelationshipswhichareatthebottomofalmostschemesofcooperation.Butathe

  specializationshaveincreasedinnumberandnarrowedinrangetherehasbeenanopposite

  movementtowardsinterdisciplinarystudies.Theseowemuchtothebeliefthatonecannot

  properlyinvestigatetheincrediblycomplexproblemsthrownupbythemodernworldandby

  themodernworldandbyrecentadvantagesinourknowledgealongthenarrowfrontofa

  singlediscipline.Thistrendhasledtoagreatdealofacademiccontactbetweendisciplines

  andafargreateremphasisonthepoolingofspecialistknowledgereflectedinthebroad

  subjectschoseninmanyinternationalconferences.TRANSLATIONTASK2TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglish(15points).在整个发展过程中,我们都要坚持节约优先、保护优先、自然恢复为主的方针,不

  能只讲索取不讲投入,不能只讲发展不讲保护,不能只讲利用不讲修复,要像保护眼睛

  一样保护生态环境,像对待生命一样对待生态环境,多谋打基础、利长远的善事,多干

  保护自然、修复生态的实事,多做治山理水、显山露水的好事,让群众望得见山、看得

  见水、记得住乡愁,让自然生态美景永驻人间,还自然以宁静、和谐、美丽。

  PartIIIWRITING(30points)

  Directions:Forthispart,therearetwotasks:

  WRITINGTASK1(10points)

  PleasedevelopthetopicintoanessayontheANSWERSHEETwithatleast150words.BriefReflectionsontheUseofTranslationApp.WRITINGTASK2(20points)

  PleasedevelopthetopicintoanessayontheANSWERSHEETwithatleast250words.ShouldUniversitiesGivePrioritytoPracticalCoursesforStudents?

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