Hello，大家好，今天呢我们来给大家讲解一篇新题型，带着大家了解一下这个题型。首先你要知道英语一的新题型会考查大家3种类型的题目：小标题，七选五以及排序题。而在这3种类型题目中最难的要数排序题了，那我们今天就来一起看看下面一篇文章吧。

[A] No disciplines have seized on professionalism with as much enthusiasm as the humanities. You can, Mr. Menand and points out, became a lawyer in three years and a medical doctor in four. But the regular time it takes to get a doctoral degree in the humanities is nine years. Not surprisingly, up to half of all doctoral students in English drop out before getting their degrees.

[B] His concern is mainly with the humanities: literature, languages, philosophy and so on. These are disciplines that are going out of style: 22% of American college graduates now major in business compared with only 2% in history and 4% in English. However, many leading American universities want their undergraduates to have a grounding in the basic canon of ideas that every educated person should possess. But most find it difficult to agree on what a “general education” should look like. At Harvard, Mr. Menand notes, “the great books are read because they have been read”—they form a sort of social glue.

[C] Equally unsurprisingly, only about half end up with professorships for which they entered graduate school. There are simply too few posts. This is partly because universities continue to produce ever more PhDs. But fewer students want to study humanities subjects: English departments awarded more bachelor’s degrees in 1970-71 than they did 20 years later. Fewer students requires fewer teachers. So, at the end of a decade of thesis-writing, many humanities students leave the profession to do something for which they have not been trained.

[D] One reason why it is hard to design and teach such courses is that they can cut across the insistence by top American universities that liberal-arts educations and professional education should be kept separate, taught in different schools. Many students experience both varieties. Although more than half of Harvard undergraduates end up in law, medicine or business, future doctors and lawyers must study a non-specialist liberal-arts degree before embarking on a professional qualification.

[E] Besides professionalizing the professions by this separation, top American universities have professionalized the professor. The growth in public money for academic research has speeded the process: federal research grants rose fourfold between 1960and 1990, but faculty teaching hours fell by half as research took its toll. Professionalism has turned the acquisition of a doctoral degree into a prerequisite for a successful academic career: as late as 1969 a third of American professors did not possess one. But the key idea behind professionalization, argues Mr. Menand, is that “the knowledge and skills needed for a particular specialization are transmissible but not transferable.” So disciplines acquire a monopoly not just over the production of knowledge, but also over the production of the producers of knowledge.

[F] The key to reforming higher education, concludes Mr. Menand, is to alter the way in which “the producers of knowledge are produced”. Otherwise, academics will continue to think dangerously alike, increasingly detached from the societies which they study, investigate and criticize. “Academic inquiry, at least in some fields, may need to become less exclusionary and more holistic.” Yet quite how that happens, Mr. Menand does not say.

[G] The subtle and intelligent little book The Marketplace of Ideas: Reform and Resistance in the American University should be read by every student thinking of applying to take a doctoral degree. They may then decide to go elsewhere. For something curious has been happening in American Universities, and Louis Menand, a professor of English at Harvard University, captured it skillfully.

G → 41. → 42. → E → 43. → 44. →45.

答案解析

42. 【参考答案】 D

【详细解析】 第三段已经确定下来，是E段的内容。所以本题的关键在于E段。不难发现在E的首句出现一个指示代词“this separation”(这种分离)，说明该指代内容在前文出现过，即42题所对应的段落里肯定会出现某种分离。此外，E的首句还有一个介词短语“Besides professionalising the professions”(除了使这些专业专业化之外)，说明上一段也提到了专业化一些专业的问题。根据这两条线索，可知D是42的正确选项。因为D的首句出现了关键词“separate”，并表明“美国顶尖大学一贯坚持的原则：人文教育与专业教育应该分离开来并在不同的学院讲授”，刚好契合E段的“this separation”(这种隔离)。而且将人文教育和专业教育分开讲授就会出现学科更加专业化的现象，这一现象也符合E首句出现的“Besides professionalising the professions”(除了使这些专业专业化之外)这一内容。故D是正确选项。

41. 【参考答案】 B

【详细解析】 该题的解题关键在于42题的D段内容。在D的首句出现了指示代词“such courses”(这种课程)，并表明将这种课程融入专业学科这一计划很难。所以第二段有一部分内容应该与“这种课程难以设计和讲授”有关。另外首段内容G已经确定下来，G的主要内容为：英语教授路易斯·梅南德发现了一些奇怪的事情一直在美国大学中发生。所以第二段内容也会有关于“在美国大学中发生的奇怪的事情”。综上所述，正确选项为B。D中出现将这种课程融入专业教育这一现象与B句出现的“general education”通识教育(将人文学科列入一流大学的本科教学中)相符合，所以BD的连接是通顺的。此外，B也要与上文的G进行衔接。G句说明了一些奇怪的事情发生在美国大学，而B接着指出：这些人文学科正慢慢地变得过时了，所以大学在推行通识教育，让这些学科融入本科生的课堂，但是却关于何为通识教育的问题上存在分歧。因此出现了下一段D：解释了这种课程难以设计和讲授的原因。所以GBD三段衔接顺畅，该题的正确选项为B。

43. 【参考答案】 A

【详细解析】 该题的上一段为E，且E段分析了学科专业化的原因和缺点，由此可知，下一段内容有可能涉及的仍然是专业化问题，或者是给出解决方案。因此A、F都有可能是该题的答案。A段指出人文学科十分注重专业化，所以很多博士生没能成功拿到学位，可见A段指出了人文学科专业化的弊端——导致退学这一现象，所以可以和E衔接起来。再看F：高等教育改革的关键是改变“知识生产者的培养”方式，可见F给出了解决方式，如若选择F，大家会发现全文的逻辑会出现混乱：人文科学陷入困境(GB)→分析专业化原因(DE)→提出解决方式(F)→专业化对人文学科产生的影响(AC)。一般而言解决方式会放在不良影响的后面，所以F不合适。

44. 【参考答案】 C

【详细解析】 C选项的开头提到“Equally unsurprisingly”(同样不令人惊讶的是)，这表明前面出现过一次“unsurprisingly”，即A选项的末句“Not surprisingly, up to half of all doctoral students in English drop out before getting their degree。”该题的解题关键就是利用这种首尾句的线索词，来确定两个段落之间的逻辑关系。所以44的正确选项为C。

45. 【参考答案】 F

【详细解析】 该空为文章的末段，末段一般是总结全文，进一步阐明主旨，或者是提出某类问题的解决方法。由此可知，F可能最为符合。因为F中针对大学人文学科面临的问题提出了解决建议：改变“知识生产者的培养”方式。而且全文的逻辑也很清晰：面临问题、分析问题、解决问题。所以F为本题的正确答案。